“Forgery” is a word that refers to a document or book that falsifies its creator or the time of its production.
It’s almost a bitter story, but even today, such manipulations of literature are rampant in history.
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This image is of a weapon system that appears in the Chinese military book, “Hwalongjing.” Wikipedia also uses this image.
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But they might not have known that the source of this painting was not “Hwalonggyeong” but “Movieji”.
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The problematic picture that appeared in the Chinese military book “Wu Feizhi”.
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Of course, there are other pictures like this in “Hwalonggyeong.”
- The weapon called the Divine Fire Flying Crow of the “Hwalonggyeong”.
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For reference, “武備全書” is a Chinese military book written by Mao Yuanyi during the Ming Dynasty and completed in the first year of Tianqi (1621). In contrast, “Hwalonggyeong” is known to have been written in the 10th year of Yongle (1403) of the Ming Dynasty and later revised during the Jiajing period, which is known to the public. However, it is absurd that even the photographs were revised with such elaborateness in the first place.
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Also, between 1618 and 1644, mainland China was experiencing the “Manchurian Conquest of China” (aka the “Ming-Qing Transition Period”), so there was no progress in compiling various historical books or military books of the Ming Dynasty.
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In other words, the contents of “Hwalonggyeong” and “Mubiji” are not separate books, but “the same book.”
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Or maybe it was misquoted. Or maybe someone manipulated it with malicious intent. Of course, I don’t think that’s the case. In any case, the content of Hwa-ryong-gyeong and the content of Mu-bi-ji are very similar, so I ask for caution when quoting.
PS: If you look into it, there is a high possibility that the photo of “Hwalongchulsu” that appears in “Hwalonggyeong” is the “original photo” of “Movieji”
- A photo of the Hwa-ryong-gyeong.
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A photo included in “Mu-Bi-Shi”.
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As a bonus, I’ll be releasing a bunch of photos of the rest of the catapults included in “武備全書”
- “The catapult next to it was called the “旋風五砲” and could fire five shots at once. It was the strongest catapult in East Asia.”
- llustration of a mobile catapult.
- For reference, unlike Western catapults, Eastern catapults were capable of rotating their cannons, sometimes had protective plates attached around the body, and sometimes makeshift catapults were also made and used.
- A photo of a “衝車”, a siege weapon used to break down a castle gate, and a photo of a siege weapon. The word “衝車” is the equivalent of the word for battering ram in cultures that use Chinese characters.
- A Chinese person using The Parthian shot from “Wu Bei Zhi”