BYZANTINE!!!
I’m talking each faction having max eco upgrades , 50+ farmers, all relevant civ bonuses.
Here are the assumptions and numbers. The assumption is every civ walks an average of 4/3 tiles roundtrip from farm to mill (technically NOT true for max English which depletes much deeper into its wheat fields…but w/e).
Now the numbers.
Byz = 1.491 resources per sec (that’s oil and food combined). Level 5 cistern and all food upgrades.
Eng = 1.488 resources per sec ( food and gold combined). Imperial age farm buff, all food upgrades and enclosures.
Abbasid = 1.469 food per sec. All food upgrades, agriculture, Golden age 3 20% gathering buff, and Improved Processing.
Having said all that… there is an extremely niche case for OG china having the best farms if we play funny maff and make a few wild assumptions.
If we assume we can optimally maintain a 15% average granary buff on 50 villagers, have 3 IOs supervising, have all 4 dynasty eco buffs, be in yuan dynasty for the 15% walk speed, all food upgrades AND can collect all the taxes granaries generates?¿?
OG china= 1.637 resources per sec ( tax and food combined).
Juicy tax realization is plausible but they don’t have the dynasty eco buffs nor the extra walk speed
Juicy =1.458 resources per sec (tax and food combined).
This makes the clear PRACTICAL late farm winner the BYZANTINE!!! Plus the versatility of oil isn’t being measured in this analysis. Oil is worth more than even GOLD…
FOR THOSE THAT WISH TO CHECK MY WORK
Total_resources_obtained/ [ total_gathered/(buff1 x buff2…x buffn x base_gathering_rate) + total_walk_distance/(buffs x walk speed) ]. For English i add 1/5 enclosures gold income to the farm effective gathering rate.