Some short ideas.
East Asia
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Tanguts: Doesn’t need much explanation. They need a split off from the Khitans.
I actually just shared my thoughts on them in this thread a few days ago. Nomadic update ideas - #16 by UpmostRook9474
By the way, the Khitans should receive a remake, get rid of the infantry identity and the fictional Liao Dao, could have a unique Imperial Steppe Lancer upgrade or a bonus giving Steppe Lancers additional armor, and could have a cataphract that uses a bow or crossbow to be a heavy mounted archer UU while a new UT allowing their weak CAs to cost no gold. -
Xianbei: If the devs are willing to improve Wei’s accuracy, they should separate out Xianbei elements. These elements could stay in the scenario editor or form a new civ.
Southeast Asia
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Bai: Represents the kingdoms of Nanzhao and Dali. Luojunzi (羅苴子) would clearly be their UU, using spears and shields, and maybe able to switch between melee and throwing.
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Chams: Historical rivals of the Vietnamese and Khmer. They should have bonuses, a UU, or a UT related to crossbows, and strong ships. The Ballista Elephant actually originates from Champa, so they could share this unit with the Khmer in some way.
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Siamese: Covers the Tai language group, including the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand) and the Kingdom of Lan Xang (Laos). Focused on elephants and gunpowder, for example by making Elite Battle Elephant upgrades cheaper and giving a unique Imperial Battle Elephant upgrade.
Central Asia
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Gokturk: Fills the blank in pre-Mongol Central Asia. They’d have multiple aggressive bonuses but possibly no economic bonus, giving them short advantages whenever they hit a new age, but ultimately they’d be average. No knight line; instead, Buri would serve as a heavy cavalry UU in Castles, and they’d likely have feudal cavalry archers to represent their early medieval power on the steppe.
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Sogdians: Founders of the Silk Road and spreaders of Buddhism, so they’d naturally have strong markets and monks. They could build and even upgrade Caravanserai. Sogdian Cataphracts in the editor could be trainable at Stables (maybe unlocked via UT), and at Castles they could train Cakar (personal soldier-retainer of the nobility in pre-Islamic Central Asia), a horse archer UU strong against cavalry.
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Tibetans: Actively involved in Central Asia during the medieval period and clashed with Tang China. They should have strong heavy infantry. They could have a unique religious defense building (like Gompa or Dzong) replacing the Castle and have the Lama as their monk UU at there. Lama could build Monasteries, and after upgrades they could also build this unique building. By the way, they are one of the few East Asian peoples to still actively use slings.