This is probably the least important change. You cannot just add the Arsenal to India and China in isolation. You’d need to rebalance half a dozen cards for only a little bit of benefit.
A Church from the Spanish and Mosque from the Ottomans would make sense. But it would again require a lot of card rebalancing for civs that don’t already have it since those buildings have important upgrades like the training time techs. I don’t think China needs one just because either.
Yes to scrapping export, but the passive bonus could probably be retained. To make up for scrapping export, the Consulate shipments could come with an experience cost. It could be a flat cost that increases each time you resend the shipment so it is independent of the home city shipment curve. This would probably work well with moving some improvements from cards to buildings like Churches/Arsenals.
This still isn’t the right place for mercs. Give them a proper Tavern equivalent! If you want to merge a building into the Consulate it should be the Native Embassy.
No, give the Asians proper artillery from their own countries. There are plenty of good domestic options. Leave the European ones to Consulate armies.
You’re also missing some big issues.
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Make Wonders generic landmarks (Stepwell, Porcelain Kiln, Tulou, etc)
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Replace the monk heroes and add actual healers