As an Asian with a solid understanding of 16th–19th century Asian history, my personal asian civs ranking would be:
1. Persia – One of the dominant powers of Western Asia, Persia spent centuries competing with the Ottoman, Russian, and Mughal Empires, making it one of the most influential states of the era.
2. Burma – Under the Toungoo and Konbaung Dynasties, Burma unified much of mainland Southeast Asia, repeatedly defeated Siam, and fought both Qing China and Britain, making it one of Asia’s strongest regional military powers.
3. Siam – A major Southeast Asian kingdom that rivaled Burma and Vietnam while maintaining its independence through strong military traditions and effective diplomacy.
4. The Durrani Empire (Afghanistan) – The first great Afghan Empire, it controlled Afghanistan, Pakistan, and much of northwestern India, defeating both the Mughals and the Marathas at its height.
5. Vietnam – Under the Later Lê, Tây Sơn, and Nguyễn dynasties, Vietnam expanded southward, unified the country, and remained one of the principal powers in mainland Southeast Asia.
6. The Sikh Empire – Although relatively short-lived, it possessed one of the most modern armies in Asia and was the last major obstacle to British conquest in northern India.
7. Oman – Built a maritime empire stretching from Arabia to East Africa, controlling key Indian Ocean trade routes and becoming one of Asia’s leading naval powers.
8. Joseon Korea –To be honest, I don’t really understand why so many people immediately suggest Joseon Korea whenever this topic comes up. Is it because of the global popularity of modern Korean culture?
Historically, the Joseon Dynasty was a stable and well-governed state, but it was not a major geopolitical or military power in Asia during the 16th–19th centuries. For most of this period, Joseon remained a tributary state within the Ming and later Qing-centered regional order, with its foreign policy heavily constrained by that relationship. Its strategy was overwhelmingly defensive, and it rarely projected power beyond the Korean Peninsula.
During the Wanli Joseon War (1592–1598), Joseon came close to collapse after the Japanese invasions and survived largely because of large-scale military intervention from the Ming Empire. Later, when Japan sought to bring Korea under its control, it first had to force Qing China, through the Treaty of Shimonoseki, to formally recognize Korea as an “independent” state, thereby ending its tributary relationship with China before Japan could establish its own dominance.
Personally, I’d rather see the Koreans represented as a Native Trading Post faction, while saving the full civilization slots for powers such as Persia, Burma, Siam, the Durrani Empire (Afghanistan), and Vietnam.
From a 16th–19th century historical perspective, those states had significantly greater military strength, geopolitical influence, and regional impact than Joseon. If the goal is to represent the most important Asian powers of the Age of Empires III era, they deserve priority as fully playable civilizations.
Vietnam is a good example. Like Joseon, successive Vietnamese dynasties acknowledged the Ming and Qing Emperors within the tributary system. However, Vietnam traditionally followed the principle of “submitting to the north while ruling as an emperor in the south.” While recognizing the Chinese emperor diplomatically, Vietnamese rulers regarded themselves as emperors in their own realm and pursued an expansionist policy toward neighboring states, especially through the long Nam Tiến (March to the South), which gradually absorbed Champa and extended Vietnamese influence into mainland Southeast Asia. In contrast, Joseon’s strategy remained overwhelmingly defensive, and its influence beyond the Korean Peninsula was comparatively limited.