Hi Everyone! I have been commenting a lot on Reddit and here, and I made a pretty early post talking about some of the Civilization Variant names that were being discussed, but I have definitely done a lot more research since then for all civs, and so I feel a bit more confident making a concise suggestion for the new civ names. With that in mind, these are my suggestions, and I will put in full detail WHY I believe each suggestion is the strongest choice below.
French Variant → Duchy of Orléans instead of Jeanne d’Arc
Abbasid Variant → Sultanate of Egypt instead of The Sultans Army
Chinese Variant → Cathay instead of Empire of Jade
HRE Variant → House of Luxembourg instead of Order of the Dragon
WHY Duchy of Orléans?
The Duchy of Orléans was a Duchy level subdivision of the Kingdom of France on the same level as the Duchy of Burgundy. In Age of Empire 2, The Duchy of Burgundy was covered as a civ called the Burgundians and so there is precedence for the inclusion of a Duchy level civ in the past. Jeanne d’Arc was labeled the Maid of Orléans and this would be a very good title for the inevitable hero unit of the Duchy of Orléans. In casting this civ will likely just be referred to as Orléans for short.
Two questions then arise:
Why should we include a whole civilization for the Duchy of Orléans when it is just a constituent of the Kingdom of France? Some might even cleverly point out, that the Burgundians in AoE2 not only represented the Duchy of Burgundy, but also Burgundian State.
The two reasons for this are as follows: This is meant to be a Variant of France, not a totally different Non-French entity. That is why there will be a lot of overlap (This is a theme you will see among all of the variant names I recommend), therefore having it be a Duchy of France allows it free roam to use as many French assets and mechanics as they would like. This was also true for the Duchy of Burgundy despite it having periods of independence in AoE2, and it was still acceptable. Second is that the developers REALLY want to use Jeanne d’Arc, which limits the number of civilizational name options we have to represent her with as a hero unit.
If Jeanne d’Arc is integral to the design of this variant civilization, then why don’t we use the name The County of Armagnac where she hailed from?
Firstly, between a less significant county, and a more significant Duchy, the choice should be obvious as to which is preferred. It is true that Jeanne d’Arc is not from the Duchy of Orléans, but rather the County of Armagnac, however it would significantly limit both the scope of being a French variant, and would have little to it beyond being the birthplace of Jeanne d’Arc. Secondly, Jeanne d’Arc was titled the Maid of Orléans, and to more easily explain why she can come back if she dies, or how a Maid of Orléans could survive from the Dark age to Imperial age, it would be better to instead name the hero unit the “Maid of Orléans” so that way it could in theory, represent many people, it would also break the direct attachment to Armagnac and more firmly tie it to the Duchy of Orléans. It could of course still represent Jeanne d’Arc as much as people would like.
WHY Sultanate of Egypt?
Both the Ayyubid Sultanate as well as the Mamluk Sultanate were originally based out of Cairo, Egypt, and both laid claim to the title Sultan of Egypt (alongside frequently also holding the title Sultan of Syria/Sham). Both the Ayyubids and the Mamluks at least in name paid allegiance to the Abbasid Caliphate, making them subdivisions of the Abbasids. The Sultanate of Egypt is both specific enough to be grounded in real history, as well as broad enough to encompass both the Ayyubid and Mamluk Sultans who controlled the region. Casters will probably shorten it to just Egypt, but having Sultanate in the name will be important if they end up having some kind of Sultan character like the Devs original name seems to indicate.
So then:
Why not just call them the Ayyubids since the campaign has Saladin? Or why not call them the Mamluks since they were more long lasting and influential?
If you examine the campaign where this civilization variant is very likely to appear, the Sultan campaign missions include Tughtekin, Nur al-Din, Shirkuh, Saladin, Qutuz, Baybars, Shajar al-Durr, and Barsbay all representing various Sultans and their battles in history.
Tughtekin founded the Turkoman Burid dynasty, and was Emir of Damascus from 1104 to 1128.
Nur al-Din is most likely the Seljuk Emir of Damascus of the Zengid dynasty from 1151 to 1174.
Shirkuh was a Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate, General of Zengids, and uncle of Saladin, in 1169.
Saladin we all know and love, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and Sultan of Egypt/Syria from 1174 to 1193.
Qutuz was the third Mamluk Sultan and Sultan of Egypt/Syria 1259 to 1260.
Baybars was the fourth Mamluk Sultan and Sultan of Egypt/Syria from 1260 to 1277.
Shajar al-Durr was the Sultana of Egypt and first of the Bahri Mamluk dynasty in 1250.
Barsbay was the 9th Burji Mamluk Sultan of Egypt/Syria from 1422 to 1438.
Only 2 of the campaign missions are relevant to the Ayyubids, and 4 are relevant to the Mamluks. The common denominator however, is that 6 of the 8 are relevant to Egypt. You can also see a clear path of progression in how even the early missions are leading us to the events of the Egyptian based Ayyubid/Mamluk led battles. It definitely wouldn’t be totally wrong to classify this civilization as the Sultanate of Egypt to tie in the biggest common denominators. Whereas it would definitely disclude a significant amount of content to make it only represent the Ayyubids or the Mamluks.
7 of the campaign missions are related to Syria/Sham or Damascus (In Syria), the Sultan of Sham was also a title, why not call it the Sultanate of Syria/Sham?
The first two campaign missions despite being led by Damascus based leaders, were actually Emir’s not Sultans. So while cool to represent in the campaign history, they are not really relevant to the “Sultan’s army” either, because they were not Sultans. Everyone that appears after that was either relevant to Egypt or straight up a Sultan of Egypt. So actually, there is only 5 out of 8 missions that truly feature a “Sultan of Sham”. This is less than the number for Sultans of Egypt. So Egypt still remains the best choice.
WHY Cathay?
Cathay is a name that is both historically synonymous with China as whole, as well as more specifically refers to the northern region of China and its dynasties. The name Cathay comes from Khitan and could be used to refer to the Liao, Xia, Jin, and Western Liao (Qara Khitai) dynasties that were extremely prominent across northern China from the 900s to the 1200s. Another especially helpful note to make, is that the most prominent producers of Jade for ancient China was in Khotan in what is now Xinjiang province, Khotan was under the control of the Western Liao within AoE4’s time frame. This tidbit may be helpful considering the original name the devs went for was Empire of Jade.
I suspect this civilization name will need the most explanation:
Weren’t the northern dynasties of Liao and Jin, Khitan and Jurchen respectively? Doesn’t that mean they are not truly Chinese?
To start, Chinese is not really an ethnicity as much as it is a nationality. While the Liao and Jin dynasties were not predominantly Han, that does not change the fact they were Chinese dynasties. Both were extremely sinicized, could use Middle Chinese in administration, and saw themselves as Chinese.
To be even more specific, the ancestors to the Khitans, which were relatives of the Mongols, were known as the Xianbei. The Xianbei united Northern China under the Northern Wei from about 380 to 530 AD, then by their absorption into the Tang Dynasty in 600 AD there were widely regarded as sinicized, having almost all adopted Chinese names around 500 AD. The story of Mulan that many of you may know as the Chinese Disney princess is based on a person who is thought to have been Xianbei.
Great Khitan was first established in the early 900s and quickly renamed to Great Liao to accommodate the large multiethnic population as well as to further sinicize the state. After the fall of Liao to the Jurchens and Song dynasty they fled West and established Western Liao (Qara Khitai), and despite the fact few were of Han ethnicity anymore, Western Liao largely promoted Chinese culture, NOT Khitan, throughout its holdings in Central Asia. Chinese and Muslim historiographical sources, such as the Yuan written History of Liao, considered the Western Liao to be a Chinese dynasty. And the Liao dynasty is where the name Cathay originates.
For the Jin, the Jin dynasty literally referred to themselves as China, and were famous for building some of the Great Wall against the Mongols. Their descendants were the Manchu’s, and while some Han Chinese during the rise of the Manchus didn’t consider the Manchu to be Chinese, after they avenged the previously Han led Ming Dynasty, they largely won Han Chinese support for the Qing dynasty and were accepted as Chinese. (Contrary to popular belief, the Qing did not defeat the Ming, it was instead the Shun, who the Qing then defeated to avenge the Ming).
As I said earlier, Chinese is a nationality, and China is a multi-ethnic empire, therefore the Northern Dynasties could definitely still be considered Chinese, and all their descendants in China would call themselves Chinese. Even the peoples of Southern China would have at one time been referred to as Barbarians, but now the Zhuang, Miao, etc are all celebrated as Chinese ethnic diversity (Even Han has a lot of diversity).
Isn’t Cathay an old fashioned name imposed by westerners? You even said it comes from Khitan, not Chinese!
As previously established Cathay does indeed come from Khitan, but it is still used by some Chinese themselves to refer to the country of China. Some official entities across the Sinitic world that use the name include Cathay Airlines in Hong Kong and the Cathay United Bank of Taiwan. Even if the theme of this Variant China had nothing to do with the northern dynasties, it is still an accepted non-offensive way to refer to the entirety of China. Some languages (Like Russian and some Turkic languages) even still use a variant of Cathay as their primary word for China now. Also as we have pointed out above, the Khitan dynasties can still be classified as perfectly Chinese.
WHY House of Luxembourg?
The House of Luxembourg also known as the Luxembourg dynasty was a royal house within the Holy Roman Empire from the 1200s to the 1400s. The last male head of the House of Luxembourg, Sigismund of Luxembourg, became King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Germany, King of Bohemia, and eventually Holy Roman Emperor. He is well known for establishing the Order of the Dragon (Which the current dev developed variant is based off of). The house is labeled House of Luxembourg because the family owned it throughout the entirety of their rule. Casters would probably just shorten its name to Luxembourg or Lux, but it would be able to retain all the aesthetics of both the HRE as a subdivision of it, as well as of the Order of the Dragon as they founded it.
Order of the Dragon is one of the most historically established original variant names thought up by the devs, so…
Why should we use House of Luxembourg over Order of the Dragon?
The biggest reason is that the House of Luxembourg actually owned land and started much earlier in the AOE4 timeline than Order of the Dragon, they can still use all of its units and aesthetics because they own it. The Order of the Dragon never really owned much if any land, started quite late in the AoE4 timeline, and despite lasting until the 16th century, largely dropped off in prominence after Sigismund’s death. Luxembourg is a more recognizable name and the House of Luxembourg was immensely prominent rivaling even the Habsburgs in their time. It fits very well as a subdivision of the overall Holy Roman Empire.
I know that many people like Order of the Dragon, but it was really not very relevant compared to other orders such as the Teutonic Order (That ended up controlling much of the Baltics) and especially not as important compared to the House of Luxembourg that founded it. So despite being the most historically grounded, its also ironically one of the easiest ones to change to be even better.
So these are all the names I recommend and detailed historical justifications and reasonings for why I picked them. Feel free to let me know what you all think in the comments.