To the point: Historicity of the Neest of Bees for the Byzantines
I started studying the subject, and curiously I remembered something from a Book on Firearms in Medieval India (1). There I discovered that firearms were invented by the Chinese around the 13th and 14th centuries (5), before the Mongol invasion. It is not known whether it was first due to the Chola trade with China, or due to the Mongol Invasion in the north, but the Rajput kingdoms and the Islamic Sultanates of India had names for Chinese firearms, especially those used by the Mongols against they. They differentiated between a traction trebuchet that fire explosives (huo pao) Hand cannon (huo chi’ang), and the fire arrows (tir-i hawai, or ba wabal-i qaus giriftar amada), and even rockets (hawai, and latter barn), in Persian. Apparently they took a liking to the Rockets and bought plans to make their own versions of rockets, but that’s another story.
Well, the thing is that the Mongols invaded India and gave them their Rocket technology. The Mongols also invaded the Byzantine Empire, but to some extent reached a “Truce” with diplomatic relations. (3)
Considering this temporary alliance, and that the Mongol army at that time used “Neest of Bees” from China engineers, then it must be considered that the Byzantine Neest of Bees are not Chinese, but "Mongols".
On the other hand, although stories of the use of rockets are not so frequent in the Middle Ages, Europeans actually acquired rocket technology through the Silk Road and trade with Arabia. Although they were generally used for fireworks and as toys, in some cases they were used for war. The only specific case of this would be the Battle of Othée, in Burgundy 1408 (4.5). Note: they europeoans use rockets, but did’t use the nest of bees, only the rockets: they never discover the the technology of rocket launcher, and because that they uses bows, crossbows or handcannon to throw them as a incendiary proyectile.
Finally, the referred sources and an image with Osprey’s text about the hiring of Mongols in the Byzantine army.
Sources
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Iqtidar Alam Khan, Gunpowder and Firearms_ Warfare in Medieval India-Oxford University Press (2004) (Aligarh Historians Society Series)
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Heath, Ian and McBride, Angus. Byzantine Armies: AD 1118–1461. Osprey Publishing, 1995, ISBN 1-85532-347-8.
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Byzantine–Mongol Alliance - Wikipedia
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Nicholas Michael and G A Embleton (1983). Armies of Medieval Burgundy 1364–1477. Osprey. p. twenty-one.
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Rocket artillery - Wikipedia
From Osprey, Byzantine Armies AD 1118-1461, for educational purposes: