University and fourth European resource (Probabilities and possibilities)

I don’t think it needs a passive effect since that’s just a buff to the European civs only. Maybe a little bonus trickle via aging up with El Presidente could make it a little better but not 100% guaranteed.

One way Capitols could be made a little more relevant could be to give them a pseudo-shipment like the Italian Basilica. This could be a “National Army” that gives the more exclusive units for each civ. Like Consulate Armies, it could give units that aren’t normally trainable.

British - Ships a Rocket and Rangers
Spanish - Ships a Heavy Cannon and Soldados
Dutch - Ships a Heavy Cannon and Blue Guards
Ottomans - Ships a Bombard, Spahi, and Nizams
French - Ships a Heavy cannon and Grenadiers

I 100% agree. None of these techs would be game-breaking to get early or in a revolution. It would even be fine to make it so that revolutions didn’t grant so much population capacity so that Immigrants was actually useful.