Translated by Google
The Tibetans live on the Tibetan Plateau, which has high mountains and glaciers and is isolated from the rest of the world. They are composed of 12 tribes, and the tribes fight against each other. It was not until the beginning of the 7th century AD that the 33rd Namri Songtsen of the Yarlung tribe, one of the 12 tribes, unified the Tibetan Plateau, and sent envoys to visit the Sui Dynasty in 608 AD. dynasty), Tibet was first known to the world on the international stage.
In 633 AD, Songtsen Gampo (the son of Namri Songtsen) put down the rebellion, moved the capital to Lhasa, and formally established the Tibetan Empire. He carried out various reforms, formulated laws, official positions, and military systems, created Tibetan language, adopted calendars, stipulated unified weights and measures, vigorously developed agriculture and animal husbandry, and introduced Buddhism. The strength of the Tibetan Empire became stronger and stronger. After the prosperity of Tibetan, 200,000 troops were sent to invade Tuyuhun and Tang dynasty Songzhou city. Although the Tang army repelled Tibetan, the Tang Dynasty also saw the power of Tibetan. Emperor Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty married Princess Wencheng to Songtsan Gampo. In the following decades, there was no conflict between the Tang Dynasty and Tibetan.
In Tibetan society, the royal family and nobles are the slave-owning class, and the rest are low-class people, which include commoners and slaves. The Tibetan ethnic group is mainly nomadic and also engages in agriculture. It is a ethnic group that combines both travel and settlement. Tibetan’s animal husbandry is very developed, with yak and dromedary as its special products; Tibetan’s horses are excellent in breed, and they are made of leather and refurbished, and their cavalry is invincible. Their handicrafts are also very advanced. They are good at burning charcoal, smelting iron, making rubber and wool weaving, and can even erect cable bridges in steep river valleys. The medicine peculiar to the Tibetan people draws on the essence of surrounding countries and forms a school of its own. There are a vast array of medical books and handed down works abound.
In the mid-to-late 8th century, the An Shi rebellion broke out in the Tang Dynasty. The Tibetan Empire expanded east and north, annexing Longyou, Hexi, Beiting, Anxi and other areas of the Tang Dynasty, and even occupied Chang’an City in the Tang Dynasty. Chang’an, the capital of Tang). From the end of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century, the territory of Tibetan reached its peak, starting from the Pamir Mountains (Pamir Mountains) in the west and bordering the Arab Empire (Abbasid Caliphate), from Gansu and Sichuan (Sichuan) in the east, and from Tian Shan (Tian Shan) in the north. , The southern part once crossed the Himalaya Mountains (Himalaya Mountains) to the Bay of Bengal (Bay of Bengal).
Until the 9th century, after the death of the last Zamplangdarma (Langdarma), due to his two sons fighting for the throne, the ministers divided into two factions, and the Tibetan royal family was divided into two branches from then on. Warlords fought, slaves rebelled, and melee swept across the entire Tibet region. The Tibetan Empire, which was dominating for a time, fell apart (Era of Fragmentation). In 1240, the Mongols invaded Tibet, and then the Yuan dynasty of Kublai Khan established The Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs here to rule. Since then Tibet has become a part of China’s central dynasty.