A lot of these don’t really need a rework at all.
The biggest priority would be as follows:
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India - Needs a complete overhaul to split it into Mughals, Mysoreans, and Marathas
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Portugal - give em something other than Organ Guns
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Inca - Their original design of being an Aztec clone crammed full of gimmicks with no connection reality is truly baffling. The real life Inca were an adaptable people who were able to master European weapons before their eventual final collapse from disease and Spanish conquest.
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Ottomans - On their own Ottomans are fine but I think there’s opportunity to create a new template of “Islamic Civs” and Ottomans could be adjusted to fit that. Moroccans, Omanis, Persians, and Uzbeks, could all fit this mold. Mughals, Hausa, and Ottomans could also be half Islamic and half Asian/African/European. They could share features like Emir heroes, Caravanserai instead of Taverns, Mosques, and Bombards instead of Falconets.
Other than these, there are some reworks that should happen that should affect multiple civs.
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Scrap the “fur trade” with the tribal marketplace. The fact that Hauds need to build an outhouse next to a mine to get coin turns off most people from playing them.
None of the rest of the civs really need a major overhaul. Just a few updated cards to give them access to some of the new units that have been added to the game.